Section 2 | Tackling Diarrhea in Young Calves

Identifying Diarrhea in Young Calves

Preweaning disease is a major concern for cow-calf operations, as it results in significant economic losses due to death rates and reduced weight gains. A recent study conducted in Canada identified that diarrhea is responsible for most treatments occurring in the preweaning period, with 5% of calves receiving treatment for diarrhea¹². Of those receiving treatment for diarrhea, it is estimated that 61% and 57% of calves received oral or injectable antimicrobials, respectively¹³. As many calves with diarrhea do not require antimicrobials, it is important to revisit this topic to refine treatment protocols for calves with diarrhea.

Clinical Signs of Diarrhea

Finding calves early in the course of diarrhea and applying the appropriate intervention is imperative to minimizing the consequences associated with it. It is important to evaluate each calf in the same way to make sure that the correct diagnosis is achieved. As most calf diarrhea occurs early, the focus should be in the first month of life.

There are several factors to consider when evaluating calves for diarrhea:

Fecal score

• • An abnormal fecal score will be the first indicator of diarrhea
  • A calf with manure that has a watery consistency that does not retain form is considered to indicate diarrhea

Attitude

• • The attitude of the calf will tell you how much fluid loss has occurred
  • A bright and alert calf will have minimal dehydration, whereas a calf that appears depressed may be moderately to severely dehydrated

Source: ACER Consulting Ltd.

Dehydration level

• • In addition to attitude, other signs of dehydration include the level of eye recession, as well as the length of time it takes for a skin tent to return to normal
  • For the severity of the level of dehydration level, consult Table 1

Rectal temperature

• • A high rectal temperature is anything >39.5 °C or 103.1 °F. This tells us that a systemic infection is taking place